What condition is characterized by extreme behavior changes, including refusal to engage physically and verbally in social situations?

Catatonia is a condition that is often marked by extreme behavior changes, including a refusal to engage physically and verbally in social situations. This state can involve a lack of responsiveness and a notable reduction in movement and interaction with others. Individuals experiencing catatonia may exhibit symptoms such as mutism, rigidity, or posturing, where they remain in a fixed position for an extended period. This behavior reflects severe disturbances in motor function and can occur alongside various mental health conditions.

In contrast to catatonia, Major Depressive Disorder primarily focuses on persistent feelings of sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities, but may not specifically involve extreme social withdrawal as a defining characteristic. Paranoid Schizophrenia is characterized by delusions and hallucinations, with a specific focus on paranoia, but does not solely hinge on the refusal to engage socially. Schizoaffective Disorder combines features of mood disorders with psychotic symptoms but does not specifically indicate extreme social withdrawal as a primary symptom. Thus, catatonia is the most precise term for the presented behavior changes.